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Higher doses increase peptide consumption and cost without guaranteed proportional benefit increases

More recent meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies in older adults have not found a relationship between blood cobalamin concentration or dietary vitamin B 12 intake and cognitive decline or dementia (80, 81)

No dose-ranging studies have established safety margins, optimal administration routes, or duration of treatment

University of Michigan Health Library

A study found, Parenteral vitamin B12 is more effective than oral supplementation in patients with severe deficiency or malabsorption. In summary, B12 injections are essential for treating many health conditions and absorption problems