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Herein, we overviewed the role of GIP and GLP-1 in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes and systematically reviewed the efficacy and safety of injectable incretin-based therapy added to basal insulin in light of the results of the SURPASS-5 trial

This applies to unlicensed medicines and IMPs as well as licensed products, and reporting helps build the safety evidence base

Last medically reviewed: 2026-07-21 by GLP3 Planner editorial

Second, although ARPE-19 cells are a common model for studying retinal function [68, 69], their standard culture medium already contains elevated glucose levels higher than physiological norms

I advise building meals and snacks around protein and eating on a schedule to ensure proper intake throughout the day, she said