However, as a molecule with close structural homology to insulin, IGF-1 elicits a variety of metabolic products in vitro and in vivo that are similar to insulin, which can cause edema primarily in the face and hands, mild weight gain, occasional dyspnea, bilateral jaw tenderness, arthralgias and myalgias, fatigue, tachycardia, flushing, orthostatic, and hypotension [57]
Dulaglutide, a once-weekly GLP-1RA, demonstrated significant improvements in glycemic control, knee OA pain, weight management, and reduced NSAID usage in elderly T2DM patients with bilateral KOA [50]
If you used sterile water, the shelf life plummets to just a few days due to the risk of bacterial growth
Injectable research studies have similarly reported low rates of adverse events, though this should not be read as a clinical endorsement for any particular use
Before and After: What Results Can You Expect