DES drives anabolic processes and increases protein synthesis, requiring caloric surplus and adequate protein for optimal effect
after four to five half-lives, less than 5% remains, which is usually the point at which pharmacological effects are considered negligible
Efficacy is unaffected once the peptide reaches the bloodstream it sits in the bodys own roughly 150 mM saline regardless of what you mixed it with. NAD+ is different: its pain is acidity, not mast cells reconstituted NAD+ sits near pH 3.5
Neither the legally suspect nor the legal option came close to the level of medical care I receive from my primary care provider, but the difference between the two was stark
Chen W, Cai W, Hoover B, Kahn CR (2022) Insulin action in the brain: cell types, circuits, and diseases