High doses, often used to treat deficiencies, may lead to: Headaches, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea Fatigue or muscle weakness Skin reactions such as rashes or itching Tingling or numbness in extremities Dizziness and, in severe cases, pulmonary edema and congestive heart failure Rare conditions like polycythemia vera, a slow-growing blood cancer In extremely rare cases, vitamin B12 can cause serious allergic reactions (anaphylaxis), characterized by facial swelling, difficulty breathing, and swallowing issues
Symptoms of IBS can range from mild to severe and include things like cramping, diarrhea, gas, and bloating
Drug-diet-microbiota interaction networkssuch as proton pump inhibitor-induced gastric acid barrier disruption and high-fat diet-driven Firmicutes expansionrequire multi-omics integration (metagenomics, metabolomics, and host genomics) to construct dynamic predictive models
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Since a large population of motor neurons and axons remain intact at symptom onset, the role of the immune system might be to protect these remaining neurons from degeneration