Constipation may also prolong contact with biliary metabolites and allow more deconjugation and reabsorption
Stephens FB, Wall BT, Marimuthu K, Shannon CE, Constantin-Teodosiu D, Macdonald IA, Greenhaff PL
Hence, one melatonin molecule and its associated metabolites could scavenge a large number of reactive species, and thus, the overall antioxidant capacity of melatonin is believed to be greater than that of other well-known antioxidants, such as vitamin C and vitamin E, under in vitro or in vivo conditions 1 2 3 al
Instead, an anaerobic mechanism, carnitine -butyrobetaine (BB) TMA, was proposed as a more convincing pathway for TMA generation from carnitine [21]
See the text for an explanation