It also prevents cellular damage from these free radicals, which are introduced in our bodies through air pollution, cigarettes, poor diet, industrial chemicals, etc
The two cannot be directly compared, and evidence from one should not be assumed to apply to the other
Similarly, Semax , a synthetic peptide with nootropic properties, has been shown to increase brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and dopamine function, potentially improving cognitive flexibility and emotional regulation in individuals affected by long-term substance use (Myasoedov et al., 2013)
California Air Resources Board (2025)
The teams earlier work showed that HGF undergoes a chemical change called nitration, in which a nitro group is added to two specific sites on the protein, Y198 and Y250the very region HGF uses to bind c-met