This complex process means that conditions affecting the stomach or intestines can significantly impair B12 absorption, including pernicious anaemia, atrophic gastritis, previous gastric surgery, coeliac disease, Crohn's disease, and long-term use of certain medications (such as metformin, proton pump inhibitors, and H2 antagonists)
Inactive Ingredients: Sodium chloride, hydrochloric acid (for pH adjustment), and water for injection
[14] There is not enough data to guarantee safety for the fetus or nursing infant
Unopened GLP-1 medications stored properly in the refrigerator remain effective until the expiration date printed on the packaging , which is typically determined by the manufacturer for each specific lot
Long term strict vegetarian or vegan diets (no animal products) are associated with a higher risk of vitamin B12 deficiency