While B12 injections are generally safe, side effects like redness, swelling, or pain can occur
Insert the needle into the vial, inject the air, then draw your dose
Certain groups are at higher risk, including older adults (due to reduced stomach acid production), individuals with pernicious anaemia (an autoimmune condition affecting B12 absorption), those who have undergone gastrointestinal surgery, and people with conditions such as Crohn's disease or coeliac disease
Control groups remain essential for valid research conclusions
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