Oxidative stress causes membrane lipid peroxidation, impairs mitochondrial function and decreases antioxidant enzymatic activity, all together leading to liver damage (51)
Structural modification of JS-K is able to prolong its half-life, and combining JS-K with special nanoparticles can greatly improve its solubility and stability, 103,113 further improving its prospects for clinical applications
Compromised Detoxification The liver uses glutathione extensively for detoxification processes, specifically in phase II of liver detox, where harmful substances like heavy metals, environmental toxins, and metabolic waste products are made more water-soluble for easier elimination
The trade-off is a higher total cost due to the mandatory membership fee on top of medication
Carboxymethylation dramatically decreases the affinity for glutathione and is associated with a loss of electron density in the alphaB-310B region