In the lungs, after entering in type II alveolar cells, SARS-CoV-2 infected cells become defective for surfactant production (Ghati et al., 2021) and release cytokines, like IL-8 among others, which in turn activate alveolar macrophages to release IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-, that induce natural killer and dendritic cell differentiation and macrophage M1 polarization, enhancing the proinflammatory response with increased vasodilation causing neutrophil and activated T cell influx from the capillaries into the alveolus, all leading to the cytokine storm (Carcaterra and Caruso, 2021
2021 Jul;37(3):543-561
With a smooth orange-flavored liquid format, it offers both convenience and effectiveness in one powerful daily dose
50% for vitamin C and 40% for tretinoin), without the irritation or photosensitivity that retinoids commonly cause
Any specific half-life value for humans would not be supported by published data