Inclusion criteria were any treatment report of GSH for skin lightening (or hyperpigmentation) and GSH for any randomised control trial (RCT) for the first and second searches, respectively
Downregulation or deficiency of pyruvate kinase leads to ATP depletion which in turn affects cell viability as well as accumulation of the glycolytic intermediates (2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) that eventually leads to impaired glycolytic flux 46
This coordinated suppression of apoptotic and ferroptotic pathways confers a metabolic survival advantage under stress conditions
Glutathione's antioxidant qualities help neutralise free radicals, protect against oxidative stress, and maintain cellular integrity, resulting in a more youthful appearance and better skin texture
Important Context While the preclinical data is extensive and promising, it is essential to note that BPC-157 has not been evaluated in large-scale, randomized controlled human trials