Group 2 (G2): Diabetic Foot Ulcer (Control Positive)
Kohler D, Granja T, Volz J, Koeppen M, Langer HF, Hansmann G, et al
Your body has sophisticated defense mechanisms to neutralize these free radicals before they cause cellular damage
[252] [253] The main metabolic pathways involve aromatic para-hydroxylation, aliphatic alpha- and beta-hydroxylation, N -oxidation, N -dealkylation, and deamination
For example, Metformin, an AMPK activator and complex I inhibitor, has been suggested to confer organ protection via multiple mechanisms: it reduces hyperglycemia (high sugars can worsen mitochondrial injury), activates AMPK which stimulates antioxidant defenses and mitophagy, and skew metabolism away from pure glycolysis