doi: 10.3390/nu9070711, 149
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2.3 Cognition In eight publications on RDP studies investigating the effects on cognitive function, Pycnogenol has shown to have beneficial effects in all age groups from children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to elderly people with memory-based cognitive challenges (3439)
Traditional treatments for AD, such as cholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA receptor antagonists, offer only modest symptomatic relief, while L-DOPA for PD primarily addresses motor symptoms, with limited efficacy against non-motor dysfunctions and progression
In this context, propagation should be considered a function not only of intracellular susceptibility but also of extracellular containment capacity, establishing a balance between amplification and confinement